Geographic Information Systems is a powerful computer based system whose field is quickly growing. Using GIS makes it possible to analyze and map geographically referenced information through the use of database and visualization technologies. A GIS system has the ability to take spatial information (data referenced to geographic locations) as well as attribute data (tied to a geographical feature) and transform it into meaningful information that is easier to manage and work with, and share. The analyzed data can be interpreted and visualized in many different ways. Although GIS was initially used for mapping purposes, it is now increasing being used as a model to aid problem solving. A system consists of three parts working together: database view, map view, and a model view.
GIS can be integrated into any enterprise network; however, hardware, software, data, and knowledgeable people are all necessary components of a working geographic information system. A central workstation runs the software necessary for the system. While there are different options for GIS software packages, many are design to meet specific purposes, and therefore have can have many different capabilities. Some geographic information systems are use web software that process and store data online. Geographic data is divided into two groups. Vector data is using points and lines, and raster data such as aerial imagery. Attribute data is also important to add description and meaning to spatial features. As with any technology, workers must have the knowledge and training to essential to get the most out of the system.
New uses for these systems are constantly being discovered. As the field grows, people with a working knowledge of GIS will be in constant demand. This is certainly a field with many possibilities and opportunities that an IT or IS major should be aware of.
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